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Jose Manuel Valdes : ウィキペディア英語版 | Jose Manuel Valdes
José Manuel Valdés (b. Lima, Peru; 1767 – d. July 29th, 1843)was a Peruvian physician, poet, philosopher, Latinist, and Parliamentarian. Eventually he became a prominent figure in Lima society at the dawn of the Republic of Peru. He was born a ''mulatto''; he had both Native American and African blood. Due to his dark skin color, he struggled against racist legislation that prohibited Valdes from continuing his primary education (which he received as a reward from the wealthy Spanish family that owned him) into his adolescent years. In 1801, he stunned Peruvians by declaring that cancer is not contagious. Although initially criticized, confirmation of his discovery in Europe brought him great respect, which otherwise would have been impossible to attain, given his racial status. ==Childhood==
José Manuel Valdéswas a Peruvian physician, poet, philosopher, Latinist, and Parliamentarian. Eventually he became a prominent figure in Lima society at the dawn of the Republic of Peru. He was born a ''mulatto''; he had both Native American and African blood. Due to his dark skin color, he struggled against racist legislation, unwelcoming peers in school, and overall genuine hatred against him. Manuel's mother was named Maria del Carmen Cavada. She was Spanish and Caucasian, and worked as a washerwoman. His father was named Baltazar Valdes, and was a native American who worked as a musician. Maria del Carmen was a native of Lima, Peru. Baltazar was a native of Sana, Peru. Maria del Carmen worked for a Spaniard man named Valdes, who owned a pharmacy, and was married to Dona Mariana. The family that Maria del Carmen worked for christened Valdes at a young age, at which time Maria bestowed upon her son the name of Jose Manue. As a result of being appreciated by his mother's Caucasian employers, they became his godparents, and Jose was sent off to primary school. Dona Mariana's confessor (Dona Mariana was Catholic), was the principal of a high school maintained by the Order of St. Augustine in Lima. For the protection of Jose, Dona Mariana and her husband placed Manuel Valdes in the care of the Order of St. Augustine, and he studies at the school, learning to count, write, and read books.
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